Is my child overweight?
Because children grow at different rates at different times, it is not always easy to tell if a child is overweight. If you think that your child is overweight, talk to your health care provider. He or she can measure your child's height and weight and tell you if your child is in a healthy range.
How can I help my overweight child?
Involve the whole family in building healthy eating and physical activity habits. It benefits everyone and does not single out the child who is overweight.
Do not put your child on a weight-loss diet unless your health care provider tells you to. If children do not eat enough, they may not grow and learn as well as they should.
Be supportive
 | Tell your child that he or she is loved, is special, and is important. Children's feelings about themselves often are based on their parents' feelings about them. |
| Accept your child at any weight. Children will be more likely to accept and feel good about themselves when their parents accept them. |
| Listen to your child's concerns about his or her weight. Overweight children probably know better than anyone else that they have a weight problem. They need support, understanding, and encouragement from parents. |
Encourage healthy eating habits
| Buy and serve more fruits and vegetables (fresh, frozen, or canned). Let your child choose them at the store. |
| Buy fewer soft drinks and high fat/high calorie snack foods like chips, cookies, and candy. These snacks are OK once in a while, but keep healthy snack foods on hand too and offer them to your child more often. |
|  Eat
breakfast every day. Skipping breakfast can leave your child hungry,
tired, and looking for less healthy foods later in the day. |
| Plan healthy meals and eat together as a family. Eating together at meal times helps children learn to enjoy a variety of foods. |
| Eat fast food less often. When you visit a fast food restaurant, try the healthful options offered. |
| Offer your child water or low-fat milk more often than fruit juice. Fruit juice is a healthy choice but is high in calories. |
| Do not get discouraged if your child will not eat a new food the first time it is served. Some kids will need to have a new food served to them 10 times or more before they will eat it. |
| Try not to use food as a reward when encouraging kids to eat. Promising dessert to a child for eating vegetables, for example, sends the message that vegetables are less valuable than dessert. Kids learn to dislike foods they think are less valuable. |
| Start with small servings and let your child ask for more if he or she is still hungry. It is up to you to provide your child with healthy meals and snacks, but your child should be allowed to choose how much food he or she will eat. |
Healthy snack foods for your child to try:
|  Fresh
fruit
Fruit canned in juice or light syrup
| Small amounts of dried fruits such as raisins, apple rings, or
apricots
| Fresh vegetables such as baby carrots, cucumber, zucchini, or
tomatoes
| Reduced fat cheese or a small amount of peanut butter on whole-wheat
crackers
| Low-fat yogurt with fruit
| Graham crackers, animal crackers, or low-fat vanilla wafers | |
Foods that are small, round, sticky, or hard to chew, such as raisins, whole grapes, hard vegetables, hard chunks of cheese, nuts, seeds, and popcorn can cause choking in children under age 4. You can still prepare some of these foods for young children, for example, by cutting grapes into small pieces and cooking and cutting up vegetables. Always watch your toddler during meals and snacks.
Encourage daily physical activity
Like adults, kids need daily physical activity. Here are some ways to help your child move every day:
|  Set
a good example. If your children see that you are physically active
and have fun, they are more likely to be active and stay active
throughout their lives. |
| Encourage your child to join a sports team or class, such as soccer, dance, basketball, or gymnastics at school or at your local community or recreation center. |
| Be sensitive to your child's needs. If your child feels uncomfortable participating in activities like sports, help him or her find physical activities that are fun and not embarrassing. |
| Be active together as a family. Assign active chores such as making the beds, washing the car, or vacuuming. Plan active outings such as a trip to the zoo or a walk through a local park. |
Because his or her body is not ready yet, do not encourage your pre-adolescent child to participate in adult-style physical activity such as long jogs, using an exercise bike or treadmill, or lifting heavy weights. FUN physical activities are best for kids.
Kids need a total of about 60 minutes of physical activity a day, but this does not have to be all at one time. Short 10- or even 5-minute bouts of activity throughout the day are just as good. If your children are not used to being active, encourage them to start with what they can do and build up to 60 minutes a day.
FUN physical activities for your child to try:
Riding
a bike
Climbing on a jungle gym
Swinging on a swing set
Jumping rope
Playing hopscotch
Bouncing a ball
Discourage inactive pastimes
| Set limits on the amount of time your family spends watching TV and videos, and playing video games. |
| Help your child find FUN things to do besides watching TV, like acting out favorite books or stories, or doing a family art project. Your child may find that creative play is more interesting than television. |
| Encourage your child to get up and move during commercials and discourage snacking when the TV is on. |
Be a positive role model
Children are good learners and they learn what they see. Choose healthy foods and active pastimes for yourself. Your children will see that they can follow healthy habits that last a lifetime.
Find more help
Your health care provider
Ask your health care provider for brochures, booklets, or other information about healthy eating, physical activity, and weight control. He or she may be able to refer you to other health care professionals who work with overweight children, such as registered dietitians, psychologists, and exercise physiologists.
Weight-control program
You may want to think about a treatment program if:
| You have changed your family's eating and physical activity habits
and your child has not reached a healthy weight.
| Your health care provider has told you that your child's health or
emotional well-being is at risk because of his or her weight. | |
The overall goal of a treatment program should be to help your whole family adopt healthy eating and physical activity habits that you can keep up for the rest of your lives. Here are some other things a weight-control program should do:
| Include a variety of health care professionals on staff: doctors,
registered dietitians, psychiatrists or psychologists, and/or exercise
physiologists.
| Evaluate your child's weight, growth, and health before enrolling in
the program and watch these factors while enrolled.
| Adapt to the specific age and abilities of your child. Programs for
4-year-olds should be different from those for 12-year-olds.
| Help your family keep up healthy eating and physical activity
behaviors after the program ends. | |
Other resources
MyPyramid Plan can help you make healthier food choices from every food group and find your balance between food and physical activity. MyPyramid replaces the Food Guide Pyramid. Available from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) at www.mypyramid.gov
Tips for Using the Food Guide Pyramid for Young Children 2 to 6 Years Old can help you teach your young child what to eat to grow and stay healthy. Available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, 202-512-1800 and at www.usda.gov/cnpp/KidsPyra/PyrBook.pdf
Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Across Your Lifespan: Helping Your Child provides in-depth information for parents. Available from the Weight-control Information Network (WIN), 1-877-946-4627 and at www.niddk.nih.gov/health/nutrit/pubs/parentips/tipsforparents.htm
http://www.kidnetic.com/ provides healthy eating and physical activity tips for kids and parents.
http://www.kidshealth.org/ provides information about nutrition and fitness for kids.
http://www.bam.gov/ answers kids' health questions about body and mind.
http://www.verbnow.com/ encourages kids to get physically active.
Weight-control Information Network
1 WIN WAY
BETHESDA, MD 20892-3665
Phone: (202) 828-1025
FAX: (202) 828-1028
E-mail: win@info.niddk.nih.gov
Internet: http://www.win.niddk.nih.gov
Toll-free number: 1-877-946-4627
The Weight-control Information Network (WIN) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, which is the Federal Government's lead agency responsible for biomedical research on nutrition and obesity. Authorized by Congress (Public Law 103-43), WIN provides the general public, health professionals, the media, and Congress with up-to-date, science-based health information on weight control, obesity, physical activity, and related nutritional issues.
WIN answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about weight control and related issues.
Publications produced by WIN are reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts. This fact sheet was also reviewed by Leonard Epstein, Ph.D., Professor of Pediatrics, Social and Preventive Medicine, and Psychology, University of Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Gladys Gary Vaughn, Ph.D., National Program Leader, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).